See landak on Wiktionary
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header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 5 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "ceb", "name": "Caviomorphs", "orig": "ceb:Caviomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "24 11 7 5 17 15 1 5 4 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 5 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 11 8 6 15 13 1 7 5 15", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "the Philippine porcupine (Hystrix pumila)" ], "id": "en-landak-ceb-noun-JU8Q~nH4" } ], "word": "landak" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms", "3": "landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Malay landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms", "3": "landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Malay landak", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "poz-mly-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayic *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay landak, from Proto-Malayic *landak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "landak", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Indonesian", "lang_code": "id", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "41 33 26", "kind": "other", "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "31 32 38", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Caviomorphs", "orig": "id:Caviomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 35 41", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Erinaceids", "orig": "id:Erinaceids", "parents": [ "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "31 32 38", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Phiomorphs", "orig": "id:Phiomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "porcupine (any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised)" ], "id": "en-landak-id-noun-X3tpaujM", "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ], [ "rodent", "rodent#English" ], [ "taxonomic", "taxonomic#English" ], [ "families", "family#English" ], [ "Hystricidae", "Hystricidae#Translingual" ], [ "Old World porcupine", "Old World porcupine#English" ], [ "Erethizontidae", "Erethizontidae#Translingual" ], [ "New World porcupine", "New World porcupine#English" ], [ "Hystricognathi", "Hystricognathi#Translingual" ], [ "spine", "spine#English" ], [ "quill", "quill#English" ], [ "animal", "animal#English" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "31 32 38", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Caviomorphs", "orig": "id:Caviomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 35 41", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Erinaceids", "orig": "id:Erinaceids", "parents": [ "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "31 32 38", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Phiomorphs", "orig": "id:Phiomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "hedgehog", "A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)" ], "id": "en-landak-id-noun-1-53KR7i", "links": [ [ "hedgehog", "hedgehog" ], [ "mammal", "mammal" ], [ "Erinaceidae", "Erinaceidae#Translingual" ], [ "Erinaceinae", "Erinaceinae#Translingual" ], [ "spiny", "spiny" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(by extension) hedgehog", "A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "landak susu" }, { "word": "landak mini" } ], "tags": [ "broadly" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "31 32 38", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Caviomorphs", "orig": "id:Caviomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 35 41", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Erinaceids", "orig": "id:Erinaceids", "parents": [ "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "31 32 38", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "id", "name": "Phiomorphs", "orig": "id:Phiomorphs", "parents": [ "Rodents", "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "hedgehog", "Any of several spiny mammals that are similar to hedgehog." ], "id": "en-landak-id-noun-QQuFDDm5", "links": [ [ "hedgehog", "hedgehog" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(by extension) hedgehog", "Any of several spiny mammals that are similar to hedgehog." ], "tags": [ "broadly" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈlan.daʔ/" }, { "rhymes": "-daʔ" } ], "word": "landak" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Indonesian: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Indonesian: landak" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "poz-mly-pro", "3": "*landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayic *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "poz-mly-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *landak", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *landak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "forms": [ { "form": "لندق", "tags": [ "Jawi" ] }, { "form": "landak-landak", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "landakku", "tags": [ "first-person", "informal", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "landakmu", "tags": [ "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "landaknya", "tags": [ "possessive", "third-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "j": "لندق" }, "expansion": "landak (Jawi spelling لندق, plural landak-landak, informal 1st possessive landakku, 2nd possessive landakmu, 3rd possessive landaknya)", "name": "ms-noun" } ], "lang": "Malay", "lang_code": "ms", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 5 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "ms", "name": "Mammals", "orig": "ms:Mammals", "parents": [ "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "ms", "name": "Rodents", "orig": "ms:Rodents", "parents": [ "Mammals", "Vertebrates", "Chordates", "Animals", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "porcupine (large rodent)" ], "id": "en-landak-ms-noun-W0SMeblF", "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ] ], "wikipedia": [ "ms:landak" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈlandak/" }, { "ipa": "[ˈlan.daʔ]" }, { "rhymes": "-andaʔ" }, { "rhymes": "-daʔ" }, { "rhymes": "-aʔ" } ], "word": "landak" } { "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "su", "2": "romanization", "head": "", "sc": "Latn" }, "expansion": "landak", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "landak", "name": "su-rom" } ], "lang": "Sundanese", "lang_code": "su", "pos": "romanization", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪" } ], "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 5 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Sundanese romanizations", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Sundanese terms with redundant script codes", "parents": [ "Terms with redundant script codes", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "Romanization of ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪" ], "id": "en-landak-su-romanization-p5Au0HCP", "links": [ [ "ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪", "ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪#Sundanese" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "romanization" ] } ], "word": "landak" } { "etymology_number": 1, "forms": [ { "form": "landák", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔", "tags": [ "Baybayin" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "landák", "b": "+" }, "expansion": "landák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)", "name": "tl-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Tagalog", "lang_code": "tl", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "patak" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "23 29 24 24", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "tl", "name": "Rain", "orig": "tl:Rain", "parents": [ "Water", "Weather", "Liquids", "Atmosphere", "Matter", "Nature", "Chemistry", "All topics", "Sciences", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "It will surely flood if the rain did not stop.", "text": "Tiyak na babaha kapag hindi tumigil ang landak.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "heavy and fat raindrops; heavy rain" ], "id": "en-landak-tl-noun-va-JBEqz", "links": [ [ "heavy", "heavy" ], [ "fat", "fat" ], [ "raindrop", "raindrop" ], [ "rain", "rain" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "23 29 24 24", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "tl", "name": "Rain", "orig": "tl:Rain", "parents": [ "Water", "Weather", "Liquids", "Atmosphere", "Matter", "Nature", "Chemistry", "All topics", "Sciences", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "muddiness of the basement of houses on silts, due to rain, or many people" ], "id": "en-landak-tl-noun-cOszwxHR", "links": [ [ "muddiness", "muddiness" ], [ "basement", "basement" ], [ "house", "house" ], [ "silt", "silt" ], [ "rain", "rain" ], [ "people", "people" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lanˈdak/", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "ipa": "[lɐn̪ˈd̪ak̚]", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ak" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "landac" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "lanrac" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "Spanish-based orthography" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "lanrak" } ], "word": "landak" } { "etymology_number": 1, "forms": [ { "form": "landák", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔", "tags": [ "Baybayin" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "landák", "b": "+" }, "expansion": "landák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)", "name": "tl-adj" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Tagalog", "lang_code": "tl", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "23 29 24 24", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "tl", "name": "Rain", "orig": "tl:Rain", "parents": [ "Water", "Weather", "Liquids", "Atmosphere", "Matter", "Nature", "Chemistry", "All topics", "Sciences", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "ikalandak" }, { "word": "lumandak" }, { "word": "nakalandak" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "The basement of your house is muddy.", "text": "Landak ang silong ng bahay mo.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "muddy due to rain, or many people" ], "id": "en-landak-tl-adj-Iw2qAywo", "links": [ [ "muddy", "muddy" ], [ "rain", "rain" ], [ "people", "people" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) muddy due to rain, or many people" ], "related": [ { "word": "latiti" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "maputik" } ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lanˈdak/", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "ipa": "[lɐn̪ˈd̪ak̚]", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ak" } ], "word": "landak" } { "etymology_number": 2, "forms": [ { "form": "landák", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔", "tags": [ "Baybayin" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "landák", "b": "+" }, "expansion": "landák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)", "name": "tl-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "tl", "2": "obsolete" }, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "tlb" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Tagalog", "lang_code": "tl", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "3 22 22 52", "kind": "other", "name": "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "7 18 31 44", "kind": "other", "name": "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "24 10 27 40", "kind": "other", "name": "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "6 19 29 46", "kind": "other", "name": "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "23 29 24 24", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "tl", "name": "Rain", "orig": "tl:Rain", "parents": [ "Water", "Weather", "Liquids", "Atmosphere", "Matter", "Nature", "Chemistry", "All topics", "Sciences", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "standing on end from fear (of hair)" ], "id": "en-landak-tl-noun-Bw7VK6KW", "links": [ [ "standing on end", "stand on end" ], [ "fear", "fear" ] ], "related": [ { "word": "ipanalandak" }, { "word": "manalandak" }, { "word": "panalandakan" }, { "word": "kalandak" }, { "word": "kalisag" }, { "word": "kilabot" }, { "word": "kulag" }, { "word": "nali" }, { "word": "ngalandak" }, { "word": "panalandak" }, { "word": "panali" }, { "word": "talandak" } ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lanˈdak/", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "ipa": "[lɐn̪ˈd̪ak̚]", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ak" } ], "word": "landak" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Ibanic" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "iba", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Iban: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Iban: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mtd", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Mualang: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mualang: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sbx", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Seberuang: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Seberuang: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "knl", "2": "lanak" }, "expansion": "Keninjal: lanak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Keninjal: lanak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Malayan" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Malay: landak\nIndonesian: landak", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Malay: landak\nIndonesian: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "min", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Minangkabau: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Minangkabau: landak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urk", "2": "ลานะ", "tr": "lanaq" }, "expansion": "Urak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Urak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh+" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "*landak", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Proto-Malayic", "lang_code": "poz-mly-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/landak", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Malayic entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "porcupine" ], "id": "en-landak-poz-mly-pro-noun-qs9uCyFX", "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "landak" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Philippine" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Central Philippine" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ceb", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Cebuano: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Cebuano: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Palawanic" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "plc", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Central Palawano: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Central Palawano: landak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Batak" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "btx", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Karo Batak: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Karo Batak: landak" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "bbc", "2": "sigulandak" }, "expansion": "Toba Batak: sigulandak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Toba Batak: sigulandak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Malayo-Sumbawan" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *landak\nIbanic\nIban: landak\nMualang: landak\nSeberuang: landak\nKeninjal: lanak\nMalayan\nMalay: landak\nIndonesian: landak\nMinangkabau: landak\nUrak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-Malayic: *landak\nIbanic\nIban: landak\nMualang: landak\nSeberuang: landak\nKeninjal: lanak\nMalayan\nMalay: landak\nIndonesian: landak\nMinangkabau: landak\nUrak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ban", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Balinese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Balinese: landak" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sas", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Sasak: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sasak: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "su", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Sundanese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sundanese: landak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "kaw", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Old Javanese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Javanese: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "jv", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Javanese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Javanese: landak" } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "poz-pro", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "*landak", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "lang_code": "poz-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/landak", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "glosses": [ "porcupine" ], "id": "en-landak-poz-pro-noun-qs9uCyFX", "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "landak" }
{ "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "tl:Rain" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ceb", "2": "phi-pro", "3": "*landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Philippine *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ceb", "2": "phi-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Philippine *landak", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ceb", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Philippine *landak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ceb", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "landak", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Cebuano", "lang_code": "ceb", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Cebuano entries with incorrect language header", "Cebuano lemmas", "Cebuano nouns", "Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Philippine", "Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Philippine", "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa", "Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "ceb:Caviomorphs" ], "glosses": [ "the Philippine porcupine (Hystrix pumila)" ] } ], "word": "landak" } { "categories": [ "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header", "Indonesian lemmas", "Indonesian nouns", "Indonesian terms derived from Malay", "Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayic", "Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay", "Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayic", "Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Indonesian/daʔ", "Rhymes:Indonesian/daʔ/2 syllables", "id:Caviomorphs", "id:Erinaceids", "id:Phiomorphs", "tl:Rain" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms", "3": "landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Malay landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "ms", "3": "landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Malay landak", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "poz-mly-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayic *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay landak, from Proto-Malayic *landak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "landak", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Indonesian", "lang_code": "id", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "porcupine (any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised)" ], "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ], [ "rodent", "rodent#English" ], [ "taxonomic", "taxonomic#English" ], [ "families", "family#English" ], [ "Hystricidae", "Hystricidae#Translingual" ], [ "Old World porcupine", "Old World porcupine#English" ], [ "Erethizontidae", "Erethizontidae#Translingual" ], [ "New World porcupine", "New World porcupine#English" ], [ "Hystricognathi", "Hystricognathi#Translingual" ], [ "spine", "spine#English" ], [ "quill", "quill#English" ], [ "animal", "animal#English" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa" ], "glosses": [ "hedgehog", "A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)" ], "links": [ [ "hedgehog", "hedgehog" ], [ "mammal", "mammal" ], [ "Erinaceidae", "Erinaceidae#Translingual" ], [ "Erinaceinae", "Erinaceinae#Translingual" ], [ "spiny", "spiny" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(by extension) hedgehog", "A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "landak susu" }, { "word": "landak mini" } ], "tags": [ "broadly" ] }, { "glosses": [ "hedgehog", "Any of several spiny mammals that are similar to hedgehog." ], "links": [ [ "hedgehog", "hedgehog" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(by extension) hedgehog", "Any of several spiny mammals that are similar to hedgehog." ], "tags": [ "broadly" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈlan.daʔ/" }, { "rhymes": "-daʔ" } ], "word": "landak" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "tl:Rain" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "id", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Indonesian: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Indonesian: landak" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "poz-mly-pro", "3": "*landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayic *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "poz-mly-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *landak", "name": "inh+" }, { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *landak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "forms": [ { "form": "لندق", "tags": [ "Jawi" ] }, { "form": "landak-landak", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "landakku", "tags": [ "first-person", "informal", "possessive" ] }, { "form": "landakmu", "tags": [ "possessive", "second-person" ] }, { "form": "landaknya", "tags": [ "possessive", "third-person" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "j": "لندق" }, "expansion": "landak (Jawi spelling لندق, plural landak-landak, informal 1st possessive landakku, 2nd possessive landakmu, 3rd possessive landaknya)", "name": "ms-noun" } ], "lang": "Malay", "lang_code": "ms", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Malay 2-syllable words", "Malay entries with incorrect language header", "Malay lemmas", "Malay nouns", "Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic", "Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic", "Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Malay terms with IPA pronunciation", "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Malay/andaʔ", "Rhymes:Malay/aʔ", "Rhymes:Malay/aʔ/2 syllables", "Rhymes:Malay/daʔ", "ms:Mammals", "ms:Rodents" ], "glosses": [ "porcupine (large rodent)" ], "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ] ], "wikipedia": [ "ms:landak" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/ˈlandak/" }, { "ipa": "[ˈlan.daʔ]" }, { "rhymes": "-andaʔ" }, { "rhymes": "-daʔ" }, { "rhymes": "-aʔ" } ], "word": "landak" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Ibanic" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "iba", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Iban: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Iban: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "mtd", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Mualang: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Mualang: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sbx", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Seberuang: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Seberuang: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "knl", "2": "lanak" }, "expansion": "Keninjal: lanak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Keninjal: lanak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Malayan" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ms", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Malay: landak\nIndonesian: landak", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Malay: landak\nIndonesian: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "min", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Minangkabau: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Minangkabau: landak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "urk", "2": "ลานะ", "tr": "lanaq" }, "expansion": "Urak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Urak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "Inherited" }, "expansion": "Inherited", "name": "glossary" }, { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak", "4": "", "5": "", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "id": "", "lit": "", "nocat": "", "pos": "", "sc": "", "sort": "", "tr": "", "ts": "" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "poz-pro", "3": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak", "name": "inh+" } ], "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *landak.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "*landak", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Proto-Malayic", "lang_code": "poz-mly-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/landak", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Malayic entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Malayic lemmas", "Proto-Malayic nouns", "Proto-Malayic terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "Proto-Malayic terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian" ], "glosses": [ "porcupine" ], "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "landak" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Philippine" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Central Philippine" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ceb", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Cebuano: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Cebuano: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Palawanic" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "plc", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Central Palawano: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Central Palawano: landak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Batak" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "btx", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Karo Batak: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Karo Batak: landak" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "bbc", "2": "sigulandak" }, "expansion": "Toba Batak: sigulandak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Toba Batak: sigulandak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [], "text": "Malayo-Sumbawan" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "poz-mly-pro", "2": "*landak" }, "expansion": "Proto-Malayic: *landak\nIbanic\nIban: landak\nMualang: landak\nSeberuang: landak\nKeninjal: lanak\nMalayan\nMalay: landak\nIndonesian: landak\nMinangkabau: landak\nUrak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)", "name": "desctree" } ], "text": "Proto-Malayic: *landak\nIbanic\nIban: landak\nMualang: landak\nSeberuang: landak\nKeninjal: lanak\nMalayan\nMalay: landak\nIndonesian: landak\nMinangkabau: landak\nUrak Lawoi': ลานะ (lanaq)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [], "text": "Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ban", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Balinese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Balinese: landak" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sas", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Sasak: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sasak: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "su", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Sundanese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Sundanese: landak" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "kaw", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Old Javanese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Old Javanese: landak" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "jv", "2": "landak" }, "expansion": "Javanese: landak", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Javanese: landak" } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "poz-pro", "2": "noun" }, "expansion": "*landak", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian", "lang_code": "poz-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/landak", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian lemmas", "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian nouns" ], "glosses": [ "porcupine" ], "links": [ [ "porcupine", "porcupine" ] ], "tags": [ "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "landak" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "tl:Rain" ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "su", "2": "romanization", "head": "", "sc": "Latn" }, "expansion": "landak", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "landak", "name": "su-rom" } ], "lang": "Sundanese", "lang_code": "su", "pos": "romanization", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪" } ], "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Sundanese entries with incorrect language header", "Sundanese non-lemma forms", "Sundanese romanizations", "Sundanese terms with redundant script codes" ], "glosses": [ "Romanization of ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪" ], "links": [ [ "ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪", "ᮜᮔ᮪ᮓᮊ᮪#Sundanese" ] ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "romanization" ] } ], "word": "landak" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Tagalog/ak", "Rhymes:Tagalog/ak/2 syllables", "Tagalog 2-syllable words", "Tagalog adjectives", "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header", "Tagalog lemmas", "Tagalog nouns", "Tagalog obsolete terms", "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script", "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation", "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation", "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries", "tl:Rain" ], "etymology_number": 1, "forms": [ { "form": "landák", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔", "tags": [ "Baybayin" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "landák", "b": "+" }, "expansion": "landák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)", "name": "tl-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Tagalog", "lang_code": "tl", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "patak" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Tagalog terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "It will surely flood if the rain did not stop.", "text": "Tiyak na babaha kapag hindi tumigil ang landak.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "heavy and fat raindrops; heavy rain" ], "links": [ [ "heavy", "heavy" ], [ "fat", "fat" ], [ "raindrop", "raindrop" ], [ "rain", "rain" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "muddiness of the basement of houses on silts, due to rain, or many people" ], "links": [ [ "muddiness", "muddiness" ], [ "basement", "basement" ], [ "house", "house" ], [ "silt", "silt" ], [ "rain", "rain" ], [ "people", "people" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lanˈdak/", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "ipa": "[lɐn̪ˈd̪ak̚]", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ak" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "landac" }, { "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "lanrac" }, { "word": "Spanish-based orthography" }, { "tags": [ "obsolete" ], "word": "lanrak" } ], "word": "landak" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Tagalog/ak", "Rhymes:Tagalog/ak/2 syllables", "Tagalog 2-syllable words", "Tagalog adjectives", "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header", "Tagalog lemmas", "Tagalog nouns", "Tagalog obsolete terms", "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script", "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation", "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation", "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries", "tl:Rain" ], "derived": [ { "word": "ikalandak" }, { "word": "lumandak" }, { "word": "nakalandak" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "forms": [ { "form": "landák", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔", "tags": [ "Baybayin" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "landák", "b": "+" }, "expansion": "landák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)", "name": "tl-adj" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Tagalog", "lang_code": "tl", "pos": "adj", "related": [ { "word": "latiti" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Tagalog terms with obsolete senses", "Tagalog terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "The basement of your house is muddy.", "text": "Landak ang silong ng bahay mo.", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "muddy due to rain, or many people" ], "links": [ [ "muddy", "muddy" ], [ "rain", "rain" ], [ "people", "people" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) muddy due to rain, or many people" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "maputik" } ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lanˈdak/", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "ipa": "[lɐn̪ˈd̪ak̚]", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ak" } ], "word": "landak" } { "categories": [ "Pages with 5 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Tagalog/ak", "Rhymes:Tagalog/ak/2 syllables", "Tagalog 2-syllable words", "Tagalog entries with incorrect language header", "Tagalog lemmas", "Tagalog nouns", "Tagalog obsolete terms", "Tagalog terms with Baybayin script", "Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation", "Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation", "Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries", "tl:Rain" ], "etymology_number": 2, "forms": [ { "form": "landák", "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔", "tags": [ "Baybayin" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "landák", "b": "+" }, "expansion": "landák (Baybayin spelling ᜎᜈ᜔ᜇᜃ᜔)", "name": "tl-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "tl", "2": "obsolete" }, "expansion": "(obsolete)", "name": "tlb" } ], "hyphenation": [ "lan‧dak" ], "lang": "Tagalog", "lang_code": "tl", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "ipanalandak" }, { "word": "manalandak" }, { "word": "panalandakan" }, { "word": "kalandak" }, { "word": "kalisag" }, { "word": "kilabot" }, { "word": "kulag" }, { "word": "nali" }, { "word": "ngalandak" }, { "word": "panalandak" }, { "word": "panali" }, { "word": "talandak" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "standing on end from fear (of hair)" ], "links": [ [ "standing on end", "stand on end" ], [ "fear", "fear" ] ], "tags": [ "obsolete" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/lanˈdak/", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "ipa": "[lɐn̪ˈd̪ak̚]", "tags": [ "Standard-Tagalog" ] }, { "rhymes": "-ak" } ], "word": "landak" }
Download raw JSONL data for landak meaning in All languages combined (17.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.